| exceptions | index (built-in) Module Docs |
Python's standard exception class hierarchy.
Before Python 1.5, the standard exceptions were all simple string objects.
In Python 1.5, the standard exceptions were converted to classes organized
into a relatively flat hierarchy. String-based standard exceptions were
optional, or used as a fallback if some problem occurred while importing
the exception module. With Python 1.6, optional string-based standard
exceptions were removed (along with the -X command line flag).
The class exceptions were implemented in such a way as to be almost
completely backward compatible. Some tricky uses of IOError could
potentially have broken, but by Python 1.6, all of these should have
been fixed. As of Python 1.6, the class-based standard exceptions are
now implemented in C, and are guaranteed to exist in the Python
interpreter.
Here is a rundown of the class hierarchy. The classes found here are
inserted into both the exceptions module and the `built-in' module. It is
recommended that user defined class based exceptions be derived from the
`Exception' class, although this is currently not enforced.
Exception
|
+-- SystemExit
+-- StopIteration
+-- StandardError
| |
| +-- KeyboardInterrupt
| +-- ImportError
| +-- EnvironmentError
| | |
| | +-- IOError
| | +-- OSError
| | |
| | +-- WindowsError
| | +-- VMSError
| |
| +-- EOFError
| +-- RuntimeError
| | |
| | +-- NotImplementedError
| |
| +-- NameError
| | |
| | +-- UnboundLocalError
| |
| +-- AttributeError
| +-- SyntaxError
| | |
| | +-- IndentationError
| | |
| | +-- TabError
| |
| +-- TypeError
| +-- AssertionError
| +-- LookupError
| | |
| | +-- IndexError
| | +-- KeyError
| |
| +-- ArithmeticError
| | |
| | +-- OverflowError
| | +-- ZeroDivisionError
| | +-- FloatingPointError
| |
| +-- ValueError
| | |
| | +-- UnicodeError
| | |
| | +-- UnicodeEncodeError
| | +-- UnicodeDecodeError
| | +-- UnicodeTranslateError
| |
| +-- ReferenceError
| +-- SystemError
| +-- MemoryError
|
+---Warning
|
+-- UserWarning
+-- DeprecationWarning
+-- PendingDeprecationWarning
+-- SyntaxWarning
+-- OverflowWarning
+-- RuntimeWarning
+-- FutureWarning
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